10th Class Chemistry Notes/کیمسٹری نوٹس
Chemical Equilibrium - کیمیکل ایکوی لبریم
Chapter 9: Chemical Equilibrium
- Chapter Introduction
- Reversible reaction and dynamic equilibrium
- Macroscopic characteristics of dynamic equilibrium
- Law of Mass action; Derivation of the expression equilibrium constant for general reaction
- Equilibrium constant and its units.
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Chapter 10: Acids, Bases, and Salts ایسڈبیس اور سالٹ
- Chapter Introduction
- Concepts of acids and bases
- Lab
- General properties of acids
- General properties of bases; Uses of acids and bases
Chapter 11: Organic Chemistry آرگینک کیمسٹری
- Chapter Introduction
- Organic compounds; Classification of organic compounds
- Diversity and magnitude of organic compounds
- General characteristics of organic compounds
Chapter 12: Hydrocarbons ہائیڈرو کاربنز
- Chapter Introduction
- Alkanes; Sources of alkanes; Preparation of alkanes
- Physical properties of alkanes; Chemical reactions of alkanes
- Uses of methane and ethane
- Alkenes; Occurrence of alkenes; Preparation of alkenes
- Physical properties of alkenes; Chemical reactions of alkenes
- Uses of ethene
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Chapter 13: Biochemistry بائیو کیمسٹر ی
- Chapter Introduction
- Carbohydrates; Monosaccharides; Oligosaccharides
- Sources and uses of carbohydrates
- Society, Technology, and Science
Chapter 14: Environmental Chemistry I: Atmosphere ایمٹوسفیئر
- Chapter Introduction
- Composition of the atmosphere; Layers of the atmosphere; Troposphere; Stratosphere
- Pollutants; Types of pollutants
Water پانی
- Chapter Introduction
- The occurrence of water; Properties of water
- Water as a solvent
- Soft and hard water
- Types of the hardness of water
- Methods of removing hardness
- Disadvantages of hard water
- Water pollution
- Industrial effluents; Domestic effluents; Agricultural effluents
Chapter 16: Chemical Industries کیمیکل انڈسٹری
- Chapter Introduction
- Basic metallurgical operations
- Manufacture of Sodium carbonate by Solvay’s process
- Society, Science, and Technology
- Manufacture of urea
- Society, Technology, and Scienc
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